Lung cancer is a devastating disease that affects millions of people worldwide. In Malaysia, it is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. However, thanks to advancements in medical technology and research, multiple treatment options are now available for lung cancer patients.
What is Lung Cancer?
Lung cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the lungs. It occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the lung tissues, forming tumors. These tumors can interfere with the normal functioning of the lungs, making it difficult for the affected person to breathe.
Regarding lung cancer, two main types are commonly diagnosed: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC is the most common form of lung cancer, accounting for about 85% of all cases. It typically grows at a slower rate compared to SCLC and tends to be more responsive to treatment.
On the other hand, SCLC is less common but tends to grow and spread more rapidl. This type of lung cancer is often associated with heavy smoking and is more aggressive. Due to its fast growth, SCLC is often diagnosed later when the cancer has already spread to other body parts.
It is important to note that lung cancer can also be classified based on the specific cells involved. The two main subtypes are adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype and is often found in the outer parts of the lungs. Squamous cell carcinoma, on the other hand, is typically found in the central airways of the lungs.
Several risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing lung cancer. Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, with approximately 85% of cases being attributed to smoking. Exposure to secondhand smoke, radon gas, asbestos, and other harmful substances can also increase the risk of developing lung cancer.
Early detection of lung cancer is crucial for successful treatment. However, lung cancer is often asymptomatic in its early stages, making it difficult to diagnose. As the disease progresses, common symptoms may include persistent cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, hoarseness, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue.
Treatment options for lung cancer depend on the stage and type of cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy are some of the main treatment modalities used. The goal of treatment is to remove or destroy the cancer cells, prevent the cancer from spreading, and improve the patient’s quality of life.
How Does Lung Cancer Work?
Lung cancer develops over time due to genetic and environmental factors. Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, with smokers at a significantly higher risk of developing the disease. However, non-smokers can also be diagnosed with lung cancer, although the incidence is lower.
When lung cancer cells multiply uncontrollably, they form tumors that can interfere with the normal functioning of the lungs. These tumors can spread to other body parts through the lymphatic system or the bloodstream, leading to secondary tumors, also known as metastases.
Different Types of Lung Cancer Treatments in Malaysia
In Malaysia, various treatment options are available for lung cancer patients, depending on the stage and type of cancer. The most common treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, hormonal, biological, radiation, and immunotherapy.
Surgery
Surgery is a common treatment option for early-stage lung cancer, where the tumor is removed from the lung. Depending on the size and location of the tumor, there are different types of surgeries, such as wedge resection, lobectomy, and pneumonectomy.
During surgery, the surgeon may also remove neighboring lymph nodes to check for any signs of cancer spread. Surgery can be curative sometimes, but it may be combined with other treatments for better outcomes.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy involves using drugs to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing. It can be administered before surgery to shrink tumors, after surgery to kill remaining cancer cells, or as the primary treatment for advanced lung cancer.
Chemotherapy drugs can be given orally or through intravenous infusion. The treatment is often done in cycles, allowing the body to recover between sessions. While chemotherapy can have side effects like hair loss and nausea, it can be highly effective in treating lung cancer.
Hormonal therapy
Hormonal therapy is mainly used for treating lung cancers sensitive to hormones. It works by blocking the effects of hormones that stimulate the growth of cancer cells. Hormonal therapy is often combined with other treatment options, such as chemotherapy or targeted therapy.
Not all lung cancers respond to hormonal therapy, so it’s essential to determine if this treatment is suitable for your specific type of cancer. Your oncologist will guide you through the best possible treatment plan.
Biological therapy
Biological therapy, or targeted therapy, targets specific genes, proteins, or the tissue environment contributing to cancer growth. It works by disrupting the signals that promote the growth and survival of cancer cells while sparing healthy cells.
Targeted therapy drugs can be taken orally or through intravenous infusion, and they often have fewer side effects than traditional chemotherapy. However, not all lung tumors have specific targets, and targeted therapy may not suit everyone.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to destroy cancer cells or prevent them from growing. It can be used as a primary treatment for lung cancer or combined with surgery and chemotherapy.
There are two main types of radiation therapy: external beam radiation and internal radiation (brachytherapy). Your radiation oncologist will determine the best approach based on the size and location of the tumor, as well as your overall health.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy stimulates the body’s immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells. It uses substances that either enhance the immune system’s response or remove the obstacles that prevent cancer cells from evading detection.
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of lung cancer, particularly advanced cases that have not responded well to other therapies. It can be given alone or combined with other treatments, offering remarkable results for some patients.
4 Factors to Consider When Choosing a Lung Cancer Treatment Option
When choosing a lung cancer treatment option, it is essential to consider several factors:
- Stage and type of lung cancer: Different treatments are available for different stages and types. The lung stage indicates how advanced the cancer is, while the type determines the specific characteristics of the cancer cells.
- Patient’s overall health: The patient’s overall health, including their lung function and any existing medical conditions, plays a crucial role in determining the suitability of certain treatments.
- Potential side effects: Each treatment option carries its own side effects. It is important to discuss these side effects with your doctor to make an informed decision.
- Personal preferences: Personal preferences, such as treatment location, duration, and lifestyle impact, should also be considered.
Clinical Trials - Alternative Treatment Options For Lung Tumors
In addition to standard treatment options, clinical trials can provide access to new and innovative treatments. Clinical trials evaluate the safety and effectiveness of novel therapies, bringing hope to patients who have exhausted other options.
Before participating in a clinical trial, discussing the potential risks and benefits with your healthcare team is essential. They will guide you through the process and help you determine if a clinical trial is the right choice for you.
How to Prepare for Lung Cancer Treatment?
Preparing for lung cancer treatment involves several important steps:
- Talk to your healthcare team: Discuss your treatment options, potential side effects, and any concerns you may have.
- Understand the treatment process: Learn about the procedures involved, including surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy, and how you can prepare for them.
- Find support: Reach out to support groups, family, and friends who can provide emotional support throughout your treatment journey.
- Follow lifestyle recommendations: Control lifestyle choices, such as quitting smoking, eating a balanced diet, and tests regular exercise, to control your overall well-being.
How to Cope with Lung Cancer Treatment Side Effects?
Lung cancer treatments can have side effects that vary from person to person. To cope with these side effects:
- Communicate with your healthcare team: Report any side effects or concerns promptly so that they can be addressed and managed.
- Take medications as prescribed: Follow your healthcare team’s medication usage and dosages instructions.
- Practice self-care: Engage in relaxation techniques, get sufficient rest, and engage in activities that bring you joy and relaxation.
- Seek support: Lean on friends, family, support groups, or counseling services to help you navigate the emotional and physical challenges of treatment.
Contact Revine Clinic - The Leading Immunotherapy For Lung Cancer Treatment in Malaysia!
If you or a loved one seek advanced lung cancer treatment in Malaysia, Revine Clinic is a leading destination for comprehensive and personalized care. With a team of experienced oncologists and cutting-edge facilities, Revine Clinic offers state-of-the-art immunotherapy and other advanced treatment options.
Contact Revine Clinic today to schedule a consultation and explore the best treatment plan for your unique needs.
FAQs
How much does lung cancer treatment cost in Malaysia?
The cost of lung cancer treatment in Malaysia varies depending on the type and stage of cancer and the chosen treatment plan. The cost could start from RM6,000 per treatment.
Does Malaysia insurance cover lung cancer treatment?
Most insurance policies in Malaysia do cover cancer lung treatment, but it’s essential to check with your insurer regarding the specific coverage and terms.
Which cancer lung treatment option is right for you?
The right lung cancer treatment option depends on several factors, including the staging and type of cancer, overall health, and individual preferences – consult with your healthcare team to make an informed decision.